Then derate 10% for inefficiencies like self-discharge. To maximize battery life, the battery should not be discharged more than 50%, so multiply the resulting number by 2. the number of days in a row that the location might have complete cloud cover). To calculate the ampere hours needed, take the average daily energy consumption calculated earlier and multiply by the number of days of autonomy you would like the system to have (i.e. Whichever you choose, be sure that your charge controller supports that type of battery (more on charge controllers later).īattery capacity is typically given in units of ampere hours (Ah). Both are appropriate for unattended operation, with AGM batteries being slightly less expensive and gel cells allowing a slightly higher ambient operating temperature. Sealed lead-acid batteries are available in two types: absorbed glass mat (AGM) and gel cells. In the future, lithium-ion battery packs (typically found in laptops and cellphones) may be a good choice due to their lower weight per capacity, but currently these are expensive, require specialized charging systems, and are difficult to ship due to safety regulations. A deep-cycle, sealed lead-acid battery is typical for this type of application since it operates over a wide temperature range, is usable in any orientation and, unlike a flooded lead-acid battery, it requires no maintenance. Now that the daily energy consumption is known, we can determine the battery required. Multiplying by 24 gives the average daily power consumption in watt hours (for a small installation, this is a more appropriate unit of measure than kilowatt hours). If you only have the average current, then multiply by the system voltage (typically 12 V) to get an average power, then add up all devices to get the total average power load in watts. Each device to be powered should list in its specifications either its average power (in watts) or average current (in amps or milliamps). The first step is to calculate the power needed for your station (electricians call this the load). Always exercise caution and consult an expert if you are unsure about anything. Solar panels and deep cycle batteries can produce potentially dangerous electrical currents capable of starting fires or causing injury and death. The following guide does NOT constitute professional consultation. Figure 1: Typical Solar-Powered Remote Installation IMPORTANT DISCLAIMERĮven though we are exclusively describing independent systems not connected to the electrical grid, you should still ensure that your installation is in compliance with whatever electrical, safety and building regulations apply in the jurisdiction in which you deploy it.
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